Scandinavian Nature Trip 8 – 22 June 2022

posted in: Nature trip | 0

A Scandinavian nature trip.

It has been some 20 years since Bee Choo and I last had a holiday together – just the two of us! If you don’t believe me, look above at Hong Kong (Feb 2001) and Andaman Hotel, Langkawi, Malaysia (Jan 2002), the last trip being our de facto honeymoon. After Mark came later in 2002, we either took him along or Bee Choo and I travelled on our own.

As you know, I love Alaska and I still feel I owe Bee Choo a road-trip on the Dalton Highway up to the Arctic Ocean, we cancelled that part of our 2008 Alaska visit because we had limited time and the poxy Rent-a-Wreck I was driving at the time wasn’t quite up to the challenge. But this year we will do something slightly less ambitious: A trip to the North, yes, but to Sweden/Norway this time, a presumably less demanding environment, so I expect. We will start at the Runde, Norway Atlantic bird cliffs and spend some time exploring Sonfjallet in Sweden. This is the planned schedule, there are some details below.

THE GREAT PLAN

Runde and I go back some 51 years!

In fact, I allude to this in the opening chapter of my book The Ethical Investor’s  Handbook (Marshall Cavendish, 2018). Here I use Runde as a case story of the decline in biodiversity, not just in the tropical rainforests and mangroves of the over-populated global South, but right in the heart of civilized, prosperous northern Europe.

In 1971 I visited Runde in late June right after graduating from high school. At that time you had to take a ferry to the island, and there were no restrictions regarding access to the bird cliffs; in fact I didn’t see many other people on the island that year. I have heard that sea bird numbers have come down since then throughout the North Atlantic region, but it will still be fun to see the place today and compare.

The island of Runde.

Runde is just about 2×3 km in size, so 2-3 days there should be enough for Bee Choo and me to see what the island has to offer. Most of the birds will be on the steep west coast, I am not sure how much is open to the public during the breeding season or how crowded it will be. Check out the ‘Bird Cliffs 1971’ chapter for details about my first visit.

Sonfjallet NP, Jamtland, Sweden.

I have been to Sweden a number of times, as you can see in the chapters above (1961-73 and such), but never to the Sonfjallet National Park. The spelling varies from source to source, I will stick with the ‘o’ spelling. The latitude is about 62 degrees North, i.e. equivalent to half-way between Anchorage and Fairbanks in Alaska, in other words: The Boreal Forest belt habitat. The park is about 10×10 km, it is surrounded by roads and has marked trails, so unlike the Brooks Range you cannot get lost (see Alaska 2021 for details!). I picked this place because the hiking looks manageable and there is a good variety of habitats such as lakes, mixed woodlands and some high country. There are mammals like Brown Bear, Moose and Lynx; I couldn’t find a bird list online, Bee Choo and I will make our own!

Itinerary and budget.

We have flights and wheels arranged but didn’t book any accomodation; we will camp and find rooms as we move along. The $272 extra charge is for reserved window seats – that expense is worth it to me! The SEK and NOK are nice and low to the SGD at the moment! The itinerary is flexible, Bee Choo wanted a day sightseeing in Stockholm on the way back. Sorry family (in Norway and Denmark …), we couldn’t fit in a family link, it is enough driving as it is; Bee Choo works full time, we could only be away two weeks. Next time!

Re-cycling my Alaska gear.

My packing list is much like the one I used in the Brooks Range last year. We hope to camp for a few nights in Sonfjallet, weather permitting, but the hiking will be less taxing of course. If you keep walking in one direction you will get out of the park in 1/2 day! This is just a chance for Bee Choo and me to spend some quality time together in Nature!

If my legs perform as I hope they will, I will do a longer hike back in Alaska next year, 2023!?

Wheels arranged!

We have reserved a small family saloon auto for the duration, it should be enough to take us over the Norwegian hills to the Scandinavian west coast and back.

As it turned out, when we got to Arlanda, we didn’t get a Toyota Corolla, but a ‘similar’ model, which turned out to be a Hyundai Hybrid Plug-in of some sort. The car included a bunch of electric cables which I never used; I have no idea how this plug-in nonsense works, and I am not really interested in sucking the Swedish power grid dry. The car performed OK on the trip though, we ended up putting 2,515 km on the clock, and dealing with Budget/Avis was very easy – I love easy!

So that was the plan; below you can see what really happened.

HEY, WE MADE IT!

Sonfjallet, Sweden 17 June 2022, near the summit.

It took a lot of planning, packing and travelling, but we made it: Here we are on Day 10 of our trip. After two days of camping off the trail, we hiked all the way to the peak of Sonfjallet mountain that day and back to rural civilization for a hot shower and a firm bed to sleep on.

AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF HIGHLIGHTS

Runde island

My main target for the trip was Sonfjallet; but Bee Choo wanted to include a North Atlantic bird cliff island in the itinerary, mainly to see the Atlantic Puffins. Here she is in Runde looking at them. That day, Day 4, 11 June, was one of the best of my life: Seeing her enthusiasm and sheer happiness while watching the puffins and the other sea birds was worth every penny I spent on the trip.

I cannot play guitar, and I cannot sing or write songs like Eric Clapton. But if I could, I would write something like:

And then I tell her
As we head back okay
I say, “My darling you were wonderful today”
“Oh, my darling, you were wonderful today”

The star bird of Runde

And here it is, the bird that has captured so many people’s imagination and heart: The Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica. Photo Ng Bee Choo. When I visited Runde the first time, in June 1971, I was the only one on the cliffs for a week. It turned out, that today a regular eco-tourism industry has sprung up on the island and hundreds of visitors walk up every day, mainly to see the Puffins. In the evening, tens of thousands of Puffins come in from the sea, they swerve around and land on the upper parts of the bird cliffs to roost in their burrows.

Another star: The Northern Gannet

As I will cover in more detail later, most of the sea birds in Runde have crashed since the 1970s, numbers have declined dramatically and some have virtually disappeared. But not the Gannet, they are doing fairly well, thank you. Here is Bee Choo’s photo of the core congregation of Gannets on the cliffs, close-up at nest, a sight worth travelling a few thousand miles to see, right?

And the star mammal: A young Moose

It was only Day 2, 9 June, we had just crossed into Norway, when Bee Choo spotted this animal deep down in one of the river valleys. “I think it was just a Moose”, she said. I said: “Just a Moose?!! Do you know I have lived two years in this country, visited countless other times, and I have never seen a Moose here?”. I slammed the brakes and doubled back, Bee Choo took this photo from the road of a young bull feeding on the wet plants. It was the only Alces alces we saw on the trip! Somewhat confusingly called the Eurasian Elk in Europe, while the Red Deer is called Elk in North America!

Hiking across Sonfjallet

Just like I had expected, Sonfjallet National Park was ideal for beginner-to-medium level hiking. All the trails were well marked, there were clear signage at the major trail junctions, you could never get lost, in any weather, and our weather was good (mainly …). Here Bee Choo is on Day 8, 15 June, coming out of the forested zone; we made it to the barren peak in the background by circling around the mountain, two days later.

A local star: The Reindeer

Day 9, 16 June; just as we were about to set up camp, a small herd of Reindeer, Caribou to the Americans, came out on the mountain hill-side; Bee Choo captured this nice bull (I think … Reindeer is the only deer in the world where both sexes grow antlers!). Brown Bear with cubs had been seen off ‘our’ trail the week before, but we didn’t find that one – not for lack of looking around for it though! Some 20 bears roam the park, and they even come into the buffer zones and the villages around it now and then. But we enjoyed seeing the Reindeer, they came out well again the next day. At Sonfjallet, the Reindeer are not domesticated, they have lived here wild since the Ice Age!

Camping off trail

At Sonfjallet you can camp and build a fire anywhere you like. This is our second campsite near a beautiful small stream with the poorest water you can imagine. It rained heavily that night, but my tent is double-layered and well built. At 2.7 kg it is a bit on the heavy side, but when I hike I value a good, comfortable night’s rest! Bee Choo was good at finding accomodation for us from day to day during the whole trip – she even had a nose for soft, level and picturesque campsites!

At the peak!

Trekking for three days around the mountain, we made it to the top 17 June. I put my camera on a rock to take this obligatory selfie with auto-release, the back-drop is looking east across the forested parts of the reserve. The elevation is 1,250 m.a.s.l.; strictly speaking the peak a km or so to the south is 28 m higher, but the view from here is better, so most people go to this one!

My Stockholm favorite!

From Sonfjallet we made our way south, back into more urban parts of Sweden. Since Bee Choo had accompanied me on what I wanted to do: Backpacking 10-12 km per day in sun and rain and across 1,200+ meter elevation rocky mountains, I accepted her suggestion, and so we added an extra day sightseeing in Stockholm before our flight home. Right, the grand parliament and royal buildings were OK, as were the funny narrow streets of the old part of town. But for me, this Great Crested Grebe, excellently captured with a young on is back by Bee Choo, won the prize as the sighting of the day!

Stockholm Day 14, Tuesday 21 June 2022

This was the longest day of the year in Sweden in 2022. We spent the whole day in endless sunshine sightseeing in the city, and at the end of it I was as exhausted as if I had been backpacking on the trails all day! Another guest kindly took this photo of Bee Choo and me having dinner next to a tidal canal, before heading back to our hotel near the airport north of town.

Border crossing Norway/Sweden

This is what it looks like driving from Sweden into Norway, Day 2, 9 June 2022. Near Eda on E2 toward Kongsvinger. Not much of a check-point; but they do watch it, because just as Bee Choo took this photo with her phone, a border cop pulled up and asked us politely what we were doing there!? We played the naive tourists from Asia and avoided getting arrested!

I have been asked if it is right to visit NATO and EU countries in these times, while they are ganging up to destroy Russia in a senseless and unprovoked assault, using poor Ukraine as a proxy. Right, I can sympathize with that view, but personally I believe we should ALL be friends, even with the Scandinavian failed states!

The final itinerary and expenses

As you can see, if you compare this final version of events with the original plan, we pretty much did what we set out to do. Maybe we didn’t camp as many night as I had expected, but staying in those rural cabins with shower and kitchen was OK as well, for both of us.

As it turned out, we were under budget on most items, partly because of the ridiculously low NOK/SEK exchange rate to our base currency, the Singapore Dollar. Rather than take the near-worthless funny-money back, we spent most of our excess cash as we left each country, therefore the ‘supplies & gifts’ item was a bit more than expected!

Ant-like Crab Spider, Amyciaea forticeps

posted in: Ant-like crab spider, Arthropod, mimicry | 0
Amyciaea forticeps is a spider that mimics weaver ants (Oecophylla sp) .  The spider holds the first pair of legs in the air to make them look like the weaver ant antennae. Two black spots on the spider abdomen mimic the compound eyes of ants. These spiders stay a distance from the social ants by hanging from silken threads and bite ants on the head before feeding on the paralysed preys. It is easy to mistake the spider for an ant. Soh Kam Yung’s sharp observation netted him these three beautiful photographs of a crab spider feeding on a weaver ant prey.
Photo 1: Amyciaea forticeps spider on left, weaver ant prey on right of picture. Spider holds up first pair of front legs to imitate weaver ant antennae. Soh Kam Yung. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore. 3 July 2022.
Photo 2: Dorsal view of Amyciaea forticeps with a shrivelled weaver ant prey (Oecophylla). Soh Kam Yung. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore. 3 July 2022.
Photo 3: Weaver ant prey has been sucked quite dry by the the spider on the left. Soh Kam Yung. Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve. 3 July 2022.

 

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Journey of a pair of Crested Goshawk siblings

The Crested Goshawk, Accipiter trivirgatus, has been established residents of Pasir Ris Park, Singapore for some years now.  They build their nests of twigs high  up in the trees. A regular visitor to the park, Derek Yeo has been documenting these bird denizens and  amassed plenty of video footages and photographs.  He has painstakingly pieced many of these digital treasures into captivating videos on You-tube. Derek documented the birds feeding on rodents like rats, squirrels, jungle fowl chicks, bats, coppersmith barbets, mynahs and changeable lizards. His awesome narration and informative tidbits will enthrall viewers.

View the You-tube videos below and learn more about the journey Mel and Ginger undertook from hatching to achieving  independence.

Screengrab of Mel(left) and Ginger(right) taken from You-tube video by Derek Yeo. Pasir Ris Park, Singapore. January 2022.

Video 1: Footages of the parents mating ( July 2021), egg incubation, processing preys to feed the hungry chicks, parent-chick bonding moments and tender moments shared by the parent birds.

Video 2: This video is a first person account by Mel relating to the juveniles learning to fly, dangers posed by crows and hornbills  and the varied diet the parents bring to the growing youngsters.

Video 3: Derek Yeo shows beautiful footages of the juvenile Crested Goshawks learning to be independent, including their comical failures and playful antics.

 

BESGroup thanks Derek Yeo for his generosity in sharing his work on our platform.

 

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Field Observations on the Rufous-fronted Babbler Cyanoderma rufifrons poliogaster

The Rufous-fronted Babbler (Cyanoderma rufifrons poliogaster) is aptly described as unobtrusive by Wells (2017) and there is limited information on the species in our region. Having observed a number of these babblers in 2022, especially in the past few weeks, I would like to add to what we know about C. r. poliogaster. 

The babbler has been observed by myself as a pair; no social groups seen. It has been seen as part of a lowland mixed foraging party with Chestnut-winged Babblers (Cyanoderma erythropterum) and Pin-striped Tit-Babblers (Mixornis gularis); other birds were present but not identified. 

The Rufous-fronted Babbler tends to forage fairly low down (1-3 meters) and there appears to be a preference for bamboo clumps. They look under leaves, occasionally acrobatically hanging upside down. I presume they are looking for invertebrate prey but have yet to observe feeding clearly. They are often in dark parts of the forest, which make observations challenging.  

I have observed nesting material being collected on 18th July 2022; on both occasions dried bamboo leaves (see Image 1 and 2). Breeding is as yet undescribed in our region (Wells 2017).

Image 1: Rufous-fronted Babbler collecting dried bamboo leaves as nesting materials. Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 18 July 2022.
Image 2: Another image of a Rufous-fronted Babbler collecting dried bamboo leaves as nesting materials. Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 18 July 2022. 

 

These babblers tend to be better heard than seen. I often hear the classical “hu hu hu hu…” calls (Wells 2017) in the later parts of the mornings; although I have occasionally heard them earlier. Wells (2017) only describes this one type call, although the duration and speed can vary. I have heard the “hu hu hu hu…” being given in a slow, measured pace as well as a fast pace. Most times I have heard 5-10 notes; more often on the higher end of the range of notes. These types of call are often initiated by a single note before the burst of notes. 

A second call I have heard is a responsive call from the ‘partner’. These calls are given at the tail end of the “hu hu hu hu…” calls and are a rough, dragged our “she-she-she” notes. They can be brief or extended. A call recordings of this mixed type of call can be heard here: https://xeno-canto.org/736798 and here https://xeno-canto.org/736797. Two sonograms and waveforms showing these mixed or responsive calls are attached (see Image 3 and 4). Observe the introductory note, followed by a varying number of the classical notes and then the responsive notes which are also variable in length. In the field these responsive notes by the second bird are very soft and easily missed (call recordings have been amplified). 

Image 3: Sonogram and waveform of Rufous-fronted Babbler. Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 18 July 2022.
Image 4: A second sonogram and waveform of the Rufous-fronted Babbler. Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 18 July 2022.

 

Dato’ Dr Amar-Singh HSS

Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

 

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Update on Diet and Foraging Behaviour of the White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca

posted in: bird, White-bellied Erpornis | 0
Image 1: White-bellied Erpornis. Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, perak, Malaysia. 21st July 2022.

The White-bellied Erpornis (Erpornis zantholeuca) is not commonly seen and Wells (2017) lists it as “near-threatened bordering on vulnerable” in the peninsular. I see the bird occasionally in the lowland jungle, often with other birds in a mix foraging party. I had an opportunity on 21st July 2022 at the Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, to observe additional foraging activities. This is a brief note to summarise its diet and foraging behaviour. 

Participant in lowland mixed foraging parties (bird waves)

As mentioned, often seen as part of a lowland mixed foraging party (bird wave). The composition of these bird waves I have seen include: 

  • 21st July 2022: 4 birds foraging with 4 Hume’s White-eyes (Zosterops auriventer), 1 Cream-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex) and others.
  • 3rd February 2022: 4-5 birds foraging with 4 Grey-headed Canary-Flycatchers (Culicicapa ceylonensis) and a number of bulbul species.
  • 18th July 2018: 5-7 birds foraging with 1 Purple-naped Sunbird/Spiderhunter (Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum), mixed-species leafbirds, a number of bulbul species, and others. There were self-feeding juvenile White-bellied Erpornis in the group.
  • 31st July 2014: A number of birds foraging with Green Ioras (Aegithina viridissima), Plain Sunbirds (Anthreptes simplex), Ruby-cheeked Sunbirds (Anthreptes singalensis), various bulbul species, flowerpeckers, and others.
  • 30th April 2012: A number of birds foraging with Velvet-fronted Nuthatchs (Sitta frontalis), Blue-winged Leafbirds (Chloropsis cochinchinensis), Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis), Spectacled Bulbuls (Pycnonotus erythropthalmos), Red-eyed Bulbuls (Pycnonotus brunneus), a Tailorbird (possibly Dark-necked) and others not identified.

Foraging Technique

Their foraging is often ‘acrobatic’, hanging upside down, looking under leaves or slender branches and exploring closed leaves for invertebrate prey. The beak is used to open the curled-up leaves (Amar-Singh HSS 2022a).

Animal / invertebrate is often taken to a branch for processing before eating. The prey is held in one foot and the beak used to manipulate the prey (see Image 1 of a green caterpillar being ‘processed’). 

Diet Personally Observed

Image 2: White-bellied Erpornis with a caterpillar in beak. Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 21st July 2022.
Image 3: White-bellied Erpornis with an unidentified moth in beak. Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 21st July 2022.
Image 4: White-bellied Erpornis with a lacewing(?) in beak. Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 21st July 2022.

Spider (possibly a female Wolf spider) and silk egg sac (Amar-Singh HSS 2022a)

Green caterpillar (see Image 2)

Unidentified Moth (see Image 3)

Unidentified small flying insect (see Image 4, possibly a Lacewing Chrysopa spp.)

Fruit of the Giant Mahang (Macaranga gigantea) (Amar-Singh HSS 2022b)

Other small fruit not identified. 

 

References:

  1. Wells, D.R. (2007). The birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 (Passerines). Christopher Helm, London.
  2. Amar-Singh HSS (2022a). White-bellied Erpornis – spider prey. Bird Ecology Study Group. <https://besgroup.org/2022/03/20/white-bellied-erpornis-spider-prey/>
  3. Amar-Singh HSS (2022b). New species observed feeding on Giant Mahang fruit. Bird Ecology Study Group. <https://besgroup.org/2022/01/20/new-species-observed-feeding-on-giant-mahang-fruit/>

 

Dato’ Dr Amar-Singh HSS

Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

21st July 2022

 

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Less Common Calls of the Black-and-yellow Broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus)

posted in: bird, Black-and-yellow Broadbill, Calls | 0
Black-and-yellow Broadbill at Kledang-Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 18th July 2022.

Many of us would be familiar with the classical calls of the Black-and-yellow Broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus). Wells (2007) describes this call as “the loud advertising call, given by both sexes, is a sustained, rattling trill, accelerating up to scale to a sharp cut off”. I have heard this advertising call often; one juvenile I have heard made a shorter, softer version.

I do not have access to the definitive work by Lambert and Woodcock (1996) where they describe many other vocalisations for this species. Wells (2007) states that “not all of the rest of the vocabulary described by Lambert and Woodcock has been reported from the review area”.

One additional call that is occasionally heard and also reported by Wells (2007) is a curious drawn-out mewing-like call. I have heard it on a very few occasions; once during what appeared to be a courtship event with wing displays. I have also heard and reported these unusual calls by a pair of birds as being made before the ascending advertising calls; there was a rapid transition from the mewing to the advertising calls.

Gulson-Castillo and colleagues (2019) describe “higher pitched and squeakier” soft vocalisations associated with wing displays. These could be the same unusual calls we are discussing here.

Black-and-yellow Broadbill calls, Sono. Kledang-Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia-18th July 2022.

On 18th July 2022 at the Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, I observed an adult male, at 7.50am, making these less common “screeching mew” (Wells 2007) calls again. I only saw a single bird that was moving from branch to branch, high in the canopy, only making the screeching mew calls (no advertising calls). The bird was very vocal for about 5 minutes. There were no wing displays or feeding behaviour seen. Calls were made 3-5 seconds apart (often 2-3 seconds apart), lasting 0.75 seconds and had both high and low frequency components. An image of the male bird making the calls and a sonogram / waveform are attached.

A call recording can be heard herehttps://xeno-canto.org/738088

At present I would suggest that these calls seem to have some social interaction role, possibly a part of courtship. But more observation is required.

References:

  1. Wells, D.R. (2007). The birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 (Passerines). Christopher Helm, London.
  2. Frank Lambert, Martin Woodcock (1996). Pittas, Broadbills and Asities. Pica Press
  3. Gulson-Castillo, Pegan, Greig, et al (2019). Notes on nesting, territoriality and behaviour of broadbills (Eurylaimidae, Calyptomenidae) and pittas (Pittidae) in Tawau Hills Park, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 139(1): 8-27.

 

Dato’ Dr Amar-Singh HSS

Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

 

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Common Iora juvenile calling to be fed

posted in: bird, Common Iora, Feeding chicks | 0
A Common Iora (Aegithina tiphia) spotted at Bukit Gombak Park on 18 June 2022. Soh Kam Yung thinks it is a juvenile, as he heard it constantly calling, until another (adult) bird came along and fed it.
Photo 1: The juvenile Common Iora calling.
Photo 2: The juvenile Common Iora faced another direction and continued calling.
Photo 3: An adult bird hopped to the juvenile bird and fed it.

 

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Nesting of the Chestnut-winged Babbler Cyanoderma erythropterum

posted in: bird, Chestnut-winged babbler, Nesting | 0

This short note is to summarise observations of the Chestnut-winged Babbler (Cyanoderma erythropterum) nesting. Understanding regarding the breeding biology of this babbler is limited. 

Wells (2007) offers the most detailed account and describes nests as “sited in a tangle of scrambling ferns, in creepers, between a creeper and pair of sapling stems, in a sapling fork, or lodged in the frond-axil of a rattan, 0.3-8m up, mainly towards the lower end of this range. Nests (easily mistaken for trapped litter) are more or less globular with a dorso-lateral entrance, built of dead leaves and leaf skeletons, often large, including palm- or bamboo leaflets, and lined loosely with fine stems and fibre.” Wells (2007) also reports that although most records of nest-building involved just a pair of birds, in two instances a group of 3–5 individuals participated. 

Sheldon, Moyle, and Kennard (2001) report two nests in Sabah and state “nest building was observed twice …. once in two small, adjacent trees about 2 m from the ground in primary forest (Oct 1981) …. and again 4 m up in a Macaranga tree (June 1982) ….. more than two birds were involved in nest building and the nest was not completed”; one “nest was comprised of lacy dead leaves woven with leaf stems and caulked with moss. It was domed, 18 cm high, with a side entrance”. 

There are two other nest reports; one by myself in April 2017 at Perak (see references) and another by Laurence Eu and Alan OwYong in May 2018 at Singapore (see references). The Singapore report describes nest building adjacent to a forest track that was then abandoned and a second nest then constructed about 2 metres from the walking track. Alan OwYong (2018) describes the second nest as “about 20 cm wide, made out of a cluster of dry leaves and twigs, attached to an intertwined mass of leaves and thin branches; the entrance is just a small hole by the front side of the nest; the nest was at mid storey”. This second nest was also abandoned.

To date I have observed three nests at the Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, all spotted during the construction phase. The nest construction was seen in April 2017, October 2021 and July 2022. The first nest (April 2017, see Image 1 and 2) was built about 2.5 meters above the ground in a bamboo thicket, immediately adjacent to a trail in primary jungle. The birds were using a large dead Macaranga gigantea (Giant Macaranga) leaf that had fallen and lodged on the bamboo, as the ‘base’ for the nest.  

Image 1. Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak. 30 April 2017.
Image 2: Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak. 30 April 2017.

The second nest (October 2021, see Image 3) was also close to a trail in primary jungle (2 meters) and located in dense undergrowth on a slope leading to a stream, possibly 0.3-0.4 metres above the ground (not easy to estimate due to density of vegetation and slope of terrain). This second nest was not possible to approach.

Image 3: Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak. 21 October 2021.

The third nest (July 2022, see Image 4, 5, and 6) was approximately 3.5 meters above the forest floor and located in a tangle of creepers in front of a large tree; again it was near a jungle path (5 meters in). 

Image 4: Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak. 12 July 2022.
Image 5: Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak. 12 July 2022.
Image 6: Kledang Sayong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak. 12 July 2022.

All three nests could easily be confused for some leaf litter that is collected or trapped in the vegetation. They are globular in shape with a front entrance. Nesting material used in all three nests was dried leaves, especially dead bamboo leaves. Leaf skeletons/spines of leaves and fragments of leaves were also used. Nesting material was often collected some distance from the nest site. No calls were made when near the nest. In all three nesting observations I only saw one pair, and both were actively involved in nest building. 

On all three occasions, the birds seemed comfortable with me watching from about 5-6 meters distance and continued with nest building activities. However, I am aware that Chestnut-winged Babblers abandon nesting sites very easily and kept my observations brief (15 min first nest, 5 min subsequent two nests). However, in the first nest observation, as expected due to proximity to the trail and fragile siting of the nest, it was abandoned when visited a week later. The second nest was successful but very limited follow up observations were possible (due to terrain difficulties in watching the nest) – no data on food for young or incubation and fledging periods. This third nest appears to be just completed and I hope it offers an opportunity to watch breeding activities.

 

References:

  1. Wells, D.R. (2007). The birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 (Passerines). Christopher Helm, London.
  2. Sheldon, F. H., R. G. Moyle, and J. Kennard (2001). Ornithology of Sabah: History, Gazetteer, Annotated Checklist, and Bibliography. Ornithological Monographs 52. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C., USA.
  3. Amar-Singh HSS (2017). Chestnut-winged Babbler – nest building. Bird Ecology Study Group. <https://besgroup.org/2017/05/22/chestnut-winged-babbler-nest-building/>
  4. Laurence Eu and Alan OwYong (2018). Nest building by a pair of Chestnut-winged Babblers in Singapore. Singapore Bird Group. <https://singaporebirdgroup.wordpress.com/2019/07/21/nest-building-by-a-pair-of-chestnut-winged-babblers-in-singapore/>

 

 Dato’ Dr Amar-Singh HSS

Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

 

 

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This short note is to summarise observations of the Chestnut-winged Babbler (Cyanoderma erythropterum) nesting. Understanding regarding the breeding biology of this babbler is limited.

 

Wells (2007) offers the most detailed account and describes nests as “sited in a tangle of scrambling ferns, in creepers, between a creeper and pair of sapling stems, in a sapling fork, or lodged in the frond-axil of a rattan, 0.3-8m up, mainly towards the lower end of this range. Nests (easily mistaken for trapped litter) are more or less globular with a dorso-lateral entrance, built of dead leaves and leaf skeletons, often large, including palm- or bamboo leaflets, and lined loosely with fine stems and fibre.” Wells (2007) also reports that although most records of nest-building involved just a pair of birds, in two instances a group of 3–5 individuals participated.

 

Sheldon, Moyle, and Kennard (2001) report two nests in Sabah and state “nest building was observed twice …. once in two small, adjacent trees about 2 m from the ground in primary forest (Oct 1981) …. and again 4 m up in a Macaranga tree (June 1982) ….. more than two birds were involved in nest building and the nest was not completed”; one “nest was comprised of lacy dead leaves woven with leaf stems and caulked with moss. It

was domed, 18 cm high, with a side entrance”.

 

There are two other nest reports; one by myself in April 2017 at Perak (see references) and another by Laurence Eu and Alan OwYong in May 2018 at Singapore (see references). The Singapore report describes nest building adjacent to a forest track that was then abandoned and a second nest then constructed about 2 metres from the walking track. Alan OwYong (2018) describes the second nest as “about 20 cm wide, made out of a cluster of dry leaves and twigs, attached to an intertwined mass of leaves and thin branches; the entrance is just a small hole by the front side of the nest; the nest was at mid storey”. This second nest was also abandoned.

 

To date I have observed three nests at the Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, all spotted during the construction phase. The nest construction was seen in April 2017, October 2021 and July 2022. The first nest (April 2017, see Image 1 and 2) was built about 2.5 meters above the ground in a bamboo thicket, immediately adjacent to a trail in primary jungle. The birds were using a large dead Macaranga gigantea (Giant Macaranga) leaf that had fallen and lodged on the bamboo, as the ‘base’ for the nest. The second nest (October 2021, see Image 3) was also close to a trail in primary jungle (2 meters) and located in dense undergrowth on a slope leading to a stream, possibly 0.3-0.4 metres above the ground (not easy to estimate due to density of vegetation and slope of terrain). This second nest was not possible to approach. The third nest (July 2022, see Image 4, 5, and 6) was approximately 3.5 meters above the forest floor and located in a tangle of creepers in front of a large tree; again it was near a jungle path (5 meters in).

 

All three nests could easily be confused for some leaf litter that is collected or trapped in the vegetation. They are globular in shape with a front entrance. Nesting material used in all three nests was dried leaves, especially dead bamboo leaves. Leaf skeletons/spines of leaves and fragments of leaves were also used. Nesting material was often collected some distance from the nest site. No calls were made when near the nest. In all three nesting observations I only saw one pair, and both were actively involved in nest building.

 

On all three occasions, the birds seemed comfortable with me watching from about 5-6 meters distance and continued with nest building activities. However, I am aware that Chestnut-winged Babblers abandon nesting sites very easily and kept my observations brief (15 min first nest, 5 min subsequent two nests). However, in the first nest observation, as expected due to proximity to the trail and fragile siting of the nest, it was abandoned when visited a week later. The second nest was successful but very limited follow up observations were possible (due to terrain difficulties in watching the nest) – no data on food for young or incubation and fledging periods. This third nest appears to be just completed and I hope it offers an opportunity to watch breeding activities.

 

References:

  1. Wells, D.R. (2007). The birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 (Passerines). Christopher Helm, London.
  2. Sheldon, F. H., R. G. Moyle, and J. Kennard (2001). Ornithology of Sabah: History, Gazetteer, Annotated Checklist, and Bibliography. Ornithological Monographs 52. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C., USA.
  3. Amar-Singh HSS (2017). Chestnut-winged Babbler – nest building. Bird Ecology Study Group. <https://besgroup.org/2017/05/22/chestnut-winged-babbler-nest-building/>
  4. Laurence Eu and Alan OwYong (2018). Nest building by a pair of Chestnut-winged Babblers in Singapore. Singapore Bird Group. <https://singaporebirdgroup.wordpress.com/2019/07/21/nest-building-by-a-pair-of-chestnut-winged-babblers-in-singapore/>

 

 

Dato’ Dr Amar-Singh HSS

Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

 

 

Black and Golden Cicada, Huechys fusca mating

Soh Kam Yung spotted the seldom seen Black and Golden Cicada (Huechys fusca) at Upper Seletar Reservoir Park on 11 July 2022. He was delighted to have encountered a mating pair too.
Photo 1: Rear to rear mating position in Black and Golden Cicada.
Photo 2: Top view of mating pair.
Photo 3: Dorsal view of a Black and Golden cicada, Huechys fusca.
Photo 4: Dorso-lateral view of a Huechys fusca.
Photo 5: Side view of a Black and Golden Cicada clinging to a dried leaf.
References:
1. Male Black and Golden Cicada calling by Leong Tzi Ming https://youtu.be/JdD1qjuSWBA
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A Sample of Malayan Fauna

posted in: Amphibians-Reptiles, birds, Mammals | 0

The gallery below showcases a small sample of the fauna that the intrepid and talented nature photographer Gan Lee Hsia encountered.   She travelled through the length of the Malayan Peninsula and visited nature areas to capture these images digitally.

Photo 1: Peninsular Horned Tree Lizard, Acanthosaura armata. Bukit Bendera, Penang. 18 June 2022.
Photo 2: Dusky Langur baby, Trachipithecus obscurus. Bukit Bendera, Penang. 15 June 2022.
Photo 3: Dusky Langur baby scrambling on tree branch. Bukit Bendera, Penang. 15 June 2022.
Photo 4: Grey-bellied Bulbul, Ixodia cyaniventris. Taman Rimba, Teluk Bahang, Penang. 15 June 2022.
Photo 5: Indochinese Blue Flycatcher, Cyornis sumatrensis. Penang National Park. 11 June 2022.
Photo 6: Rufous-backed Dwarf Kingfisher, Ceyx rufidorsa. Sungai Congkak, Selangor, Malaysia. 1 June 2022.
Photo 7: Hairy-backed Bulbul, Tricholestes criniger. Johor. 31 May 2022.
Photo 8: Rufous piculet, Sasia abnormis. Johor. 7 June 2022.
Photo 9: Scaly-crowned babbler, Malacopteron cinereum. Johor. 3 June 2022.
Photo 10: Banded Broadbill, Eurylaimus javanicus. Panti Forest, Kota Tinggi, Johor. 9 June 2022.
Photo 11: Male Red-naped Trogon, Harpactes kasumba. Panti Forest, Johor. 30 May 2022.
Photo 12: Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker male, Prionochillus percussus. Panti, Johor. 29 May 2022.
Photo 13: Scarlet-rumped Trogon male, Harpactes duvaucelii. Panti, Johor. 27 May 2022.
Photo 14: Scarlet-rumped Trogon female, Harpactes duvaucelii. Panti, Johor. 27 May 2022.
Photo 15: Red-bearded Bee-eater male, Nyctyornis amictus. Panti, Johor. 26 May 2022.

 

All photographs are attributed to Gan Lee Hsia.

 

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26 Responses

  1. kris

    I just found a young dollarbird in the garden.. It seems to have left the nest too early and cannot fly yet. How am i to keep and feed it for a few days untill it can fly.???

  2. Iwan

    We have a small pond in our garden surrounded by trees and steep bedrock. The other day we saw a heron flying over and attempting to land – I guess to try to eat our small stock of fish. We managed to frighten it away before it landed, and have since installed trip wires around the pond in order to dissuade the bird. The amount of shelter around the pond means that a heron would have to land practically vertically. Does anyone know whether these birds have the agility to hover and land in this way, or do they always need a “glidepath” in order to land successfully?

  3. Khng Eu Meng

    Today, at the former Bidadari Cemetery, there was a buzz about a sighting of a Grey Nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka). I heard some birders say this nightjar isn’t commonly seen in Singapore. After some hunting, we spotted it asleep on a tree branch, some 15 m above ground. This was rather interesting as my previous encounters with nightjars have been on either terra firma or on low branches.

    Is this perching so high up the tree normal or is it unusual? I have posted a photo of it on my Facebook Timeline: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151125012234135&set=a.108191464134.96538.617499134&type=1&theater

  4. Jess

    Bird Sanctuary At Former Bidadari Cementry

    1)Which is the best spot in Bidadari cemetery for bird watch?

    2)Where this bird usually resident at?

    3)What are some of the rare bird species that can be found at Bidadari?

    4)Where is the particular hot spot for the hornbills, eagles, kingfishers and some of the rare migratory bird?

    5)Which part of Bidadari are richest in it wildlife?

    6)Can you name me the 59 migratory bird species found?

  5. YC

    Why not search the website using the word ‘Bidadari’ to obtain the information you need. There should be sufficient info in past postings to satisfy you.

  6. Firdaus Razak

    Hai, I just want to ask did anybody had an experience bring bird from oversea via MasKargo? Did the bird will stress at high altitude?

  7. Chung Wah

    Hi, I am new to bird photography! Could anyone advise a good pair of binoculars to get for this hobby?

  8. Geam Liang

    I ‘acquired’ a female Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot 5 days ago – was in a public place when the bird flew overhead hit the wall and dropped right in front of me dazed. I picked it up, it appeared unhurt but could not sustain it’s flight. I have since constructed a fairly large ‘cage’ for it, about 4ft x 2fx x 2ft and placed it there last night. I temporarily placed her in a normal bird cage until I had completed the build.
    From what I have read up, it’s a fruit, seed and insect feeder and also nectar, flower buds. It’s doing as well as it can on bananas, papaya, jack-fruit (didn’t touch the grape) and seeds (black and white sunflower and other smaller ones). It loves to bathe so I’ve gotten it a tray and from what I read it’s important to keep things clean as it easily succumbs to infection.
    Does anyone else have any useful experience and sharing on it’s upkeep? I suspect this bird is an escapee – as far as I can read up, it’s not common, if at all, found in Georgetown, Penang where I am. I’m also not optimistic that it can survive if I were to set it free – assuming it can sustain it’s flight and not go crashing down and if there were dogs/cats around that would be the end of it.
    I can attach some pictures but not sure how to do this…
    thanks.

  9. Lee Chiu San

    The blue-crowned hanging parrot, even though very closely related to the lovebirds, is a nectar feeder. You would raise it the way you raise a lorikeet – which is a messy process. And because you are mixing batches of food for just one little bird, whereas I used to do it for about half a dozen pigeon-sized lorikeets each morning, I don’t know how you are going to get the portions down to manageable sizes. Anyway, here goes, with my recipe for feeding big lories. You can adjust the proportions down accordingly for your little bird.

    The staple diet would be a couple of slices of soft fruit (papaya, apple, grapes, even though I am surprised that you said the bird would not eat any) and a mixture of cooked rice sweetened with nectar mix.

    How to make nectar mix? Go to a pharmacy and get a can of food for invalids or infants. I use Complan, but I am sure any good baby formula would do. I usually make up enough to fill a beer mug, but there is no way you need that amount for a day’s feeding. If in doubt, make the mixture thinner, not thicker. Birds cannot digest baby formula that is too thick. If it is too thin, they simply have to consume more to get the required amount of energy. Then to this mug, add half a teaspoonful of rose syrup. Also stir in about a cup of cooked rice, well mashed up.

    In the case of your bird, I suggest that you pour this lot into an ice-cube tray, freeze the mixture, and defrost one cube to feed it each day.

    Now, you said that this bird eats sunflower seeds. This is most unusual for a blue-crowned hanging parrot. Are you sure that this is actually the species you have? Could it be possible that you have actually got a pet lovebird that escaped? There are so many different artificially-created breeds of lovebirds in so many colours that you might have been mistaken.

    If you actually have a lovebird, feeding is much simpler. Just go to the nearest pet shop, buy a packet of budgerigar or cockatiel seed of a reputable international brand, and offer it to the bird. You can supplement this with a couple of slices of fruit each day, and that will be all. Plus of course fresh water and a piece of cuttlefish bone to nibble on.

  10. Lee Chiu San

    About nectar feeding birds. I forgot to add that feeding nectar is messy, and it goes rancid very quickly in our tropical weather. Feeding containers have to be removed and thoroughly cleaned at the end of each day. The birds also splatter the mixture and wipe their beaks on perches and the bars of the cage. All my lories and lorikeets used to be housed in outdoor aviaries which were hosed down daily.

    If Geam Liang does not think the bird will survive if released, I really hope that it is a case of mistaken identity, and that you have a lovebird, rather than a blue-crowned hanging parrot. In our part of the world, all available lovebirds are domestically bred, take to captivity readily, and are easy to feed with commercially available seed mixtures. Yes, and being domestic pets, they would not survive if released.

  11. Geam Liang

    Thank you Chiu San for your inputs. Thus far, bananas and papayas work well. I’m not sure why it did not take to grapes – will try again. Am I supposed to peel it? I didn’t the last time, basically skewered a couple of grapes to a satay stick and positioned it as I did for the sliced and skinned papaya and peeled bananas.
    I have yet to try rice and certainly not nectar but will try out your concoction – have half a mind to go to a pet shop to see if they carry nectar for birds. The ice-cube freeze method is a good one, will try that. I might be mistaken on the sunflower seeds… not touched but it did eat the much smaller roundish, mixed colored seeds. Will remove the sunflower seeds.
    I’m sure it’s a female blue crowned hanging parrot.. it sleeps like a bat every night.

  12. Lee Chiu San

    When feeding local birds which are unfamiliar with imported fruits such as grapes, it helps to split the fruits to expose the edible parts. As to your remark that the bird sleeps hanging upside down like a bat, yes, that is the way blue-crowned hanging parrots sleep.

  13. Geam Liang

    Thanks… I need to think like a bird – yup. She has probably not seen a grape much less know that it’s edible, unless the previous owner has fed her with grapes… even then… Today she’s done pretty well making the most of the banana and all of the papaya plus quite a bit of seeds. Will try the baby food + mashed rise + rose syrup.
    Will regular honey do instead of rose syrup?
    Thanks.

  14. Lee Chiu San

    About making nectar to feed birds. Most aviculturalists do not use honey for two reasons: 1. It is expensive and does not seem to give any added benefits. 2. Honey is made by bees, and the composition varies wildly. Some honeys are also known to cause fungal infection in birds.

    If you do not want to buy a huge bottle of rose syrup just for one tiny bird, there are cheaper alternatives. The first is plain table sugar, though most don’t seem to like it very much.

    What many birds will accept quite readily as a sweetener is condensed milk – the type with sugar that coffee shop owners use.

    Many, many birds have a sweet tooth (or should I say sweet beak?) Besides the usual suspects of lories, lorikeets, sunbirds and hummingbirds, for whom it is an essential part of the diet, nectar mixture is readily consumed by mynahs, leafbirds, fairy bluebirds, barbets, doves, parrots of all kinds, and a whole host of other species.

  15. Geam Liang

    I tried the condensed mild, placed in in a small bottle cap.. only the ants showed interest. Am I supposed to dilute it? I didn’t =( I took you advice and refrained from honey. Have yet to find Rose Syrup from the shelves of TESCO… will try to mix the baby food + mashed rise + rose syrup/sugar syrup this week…

  16. David Thackray

    Can anyone help me identify a bird I saw in Singapore last week. Size of a smakll dove or thrush. Dark metallic back. Grey breast with red throat, chest.

  17. Emily Koh

    Lately I bought a bird feeder which I fill with 4parts water n 1 part white sugar. Sunbirds come regularly to drink and they are really lovely to watch. May I know if it is bad for them to feed on this? Previously they would sometimes pierce and drink from my potted flowers

  18. Emily Koh

    Lately I bought a bird feeder which I fill with 4parts water n 1 part white sugar. Sunbirds come regularly to drink and they are really lovely to watch. May I know if it is bad for them to feed on this? Previously they would sometimes pierce and drink from my potted flowers.

  19. Mahadevi Bhuti

    One of best souce for the bird watcher’s enjoying knowledge about ornithology

  20. Martin Nyffeler (PhD)

    Dear Sir / Dear Madame,

    I am a Senior Lecturer in Zoology at a University in Switzerland and I urgently need to get in touch with photographer Chan Yoke Meng, who takes beautiful photographs of birds near Singapore. Would you please mail me the email address of this photographer!

    Thanks,
    Martin

  21. Wee Ming

    Hello Besgroup,

    Trust this email finds you well. We chance upon your photograph on your website and found the amazing image of the Laced Woodpecker and durians. We would like to explore the possibility of getting permission to use them for a new Bird Park in Singapore.

    Spacelogic is a company based in Singapore and we have been contracted by Mandai Park Development to carry out design and build works relating to the exhibition interpretive displays in this new Bird Park.

    Some background of the new Mandai Bird Park project; it will build upon the legacy of the Jurong Bird Park – https://www.wrs.com.sg/en/jurong-bird-park.html by retaining and building upon a world-reference bird collection and creating a place of colour and joy for all visitors. The new Bird Park will have a world-reference ornithological collection displayed in a highly immersive way with large walk-through habitats. To enhance visitors’ experience with storyline and narrative of the bird park, transition spaces are added to display exhibits that provide a varied type of fun, intuitive, interactive and educational experiences for all visitors. One of the habitats features the Laced Woodpecker on a flora panel It is in this flora panel that we are seeking your permission to feature the Laced Woodpecker. We are looking to use the first image on the link here.
    Link can be found here: https://besgroup.org/2012/06/28/laced-woodpecker-and-durians/

    We would like to ask if this is something that we can explore further and if yes, how can we go about with putting through a formal permission request. Thank you so much for considering our request and we look forward to hearing from you.

    Warmest Regards,
    Wee Ming
    SPACElogic Pte Ltd

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